Reasons for Feeding Grain to Cattle
There are a number reasons why you may chose to feed grain to beef cattle:
1. Fattening
Finishing cattle for market is the predominant reason for grain feeding cattle. This could be in an intensive feedlot or in a more extensive environment.
2. Backgrounding
Cattle that have access to grain before entering a feedlot are likely to adapt quicker to the new ration and intensive feeding environment. Consumption tends to be higher from the outset and as a consequence, the cattle gain more weight during the feeding period.
3. Weaning
This stressful period often leads to weight loss if calves are not supplemented. Feeding grain during the weaning period and for the following 2-3 weeks may minimise weight loss or even lead to slight weight gains. Weaning is the ideal time to familiarise stock with grain, hay and a yard feeding environment. The investment of time and resources is likely to be rewarded if facing a drought or where stock are finished on grain.
4. Meeting Market Specifications
Grain can be sued strategically to achieve premium prices for cattle that meet market specifications. For example, the EU cattle market has a payment structure based on weight and dentition. Some producers in Northern Australia supplying this market have identified a need to feed grain for a short period (4-8 weeks) in drier years so that cattle achieve the higher price. The premium paid over the entire carcass justifies the cost of short term feeding.
5. Herd Turnover/Pasture Management
In some situations a mob of cattle may be close to marketable weight and condition, but pasture growth is unlikely to support weight gain for several months. Depending upon cattle and grain prcies, one option is to feed the cattle grain for a short period until target weights and condition are reached. Rapid turnover of stock may rest pastures, maximising feed availability for other groups at key times.
6. Drought
During periods of prolonged dry weather with low pasture volume, grain can provide part of a balanced ration to maintain stock condition until the season breaks.
7. Appearance of Stock
On some properties, it is important for cattle to be presentable at all times of the year. Feeding a balanced grain ration ensures cattle maintain adequate condition.